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Biometrika Advance Access originally published online on January 26, 2009
Biometrika 2009 96(1):37-50; doi:10.1093/biomet/asn069
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© 2009 Biometrika Trust

Articles

Partial and latent ignorability in missing-data problems

Ofer Harel

Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, U.S.A. oharel{at}stat.uconn.edu

Joseph L. Schafer

The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A. jls{at}stat.psu.edu

Received for publication 1 March 2006. Revision received 1 June 2008.
  Abstract

When an assumption of missing at random is untenable, it becomes necessary to model missing-data indicators, which carry information about the parameters of the complete-data population. Within a given application, however, researchers may believe that some aspects of missingness are ignorable but others are not. We argue that there are two different ways to formalize the notion that only part of the missingness is ignorable. These approaches correspond to assumptions that we call partially missing at random and latently missing at random. We explain these concepts and apply them in a latent-class analysis of survey questions with item nonresponse.

Key Words: Missing not at random • Multiple imputation • Nonignorable missingness


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