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Biometrika 2006 93(4):927-941; doi:10.1093/biomet/93.4.927
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© 2006 Biometrika Trust

Modelling of covariance structures in generalised estimating equations for longitudinal data

Huajun Ye and Jianxin Pan

School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, U.K. yhuajun{at}maths.man.ac.uk, jpan{at}maths.man.ac.uk


   Abstract

When used for modelling longitudinal data generalised estimating equations specify a working structure for the within-subject covariance matrices, aiming to produce efficient parameter estimators. However, misspecification of the working covariance structure may lead to a large loss of efficiency of the estimators of the mean parameters. In this paper we propose an approach for joint modelling of the mean and covariance structures of longitudinal data within the framework of generalised estimating equations. The resulting estimators for the mean and covariance parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically Normally distributed. Real data analysis and simulation studies show that the proposed approach yields e?cient estimators for both the mean and covariance parameters.

Key Words: Cholesky decomposition; Efficiency; Generalised estimating equation; Longitudinal data; Misspecification of covariance structure; Modelling of mean and covariance structures.


Received March 2005. Revised February 2006.


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