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Biometrika 2002 89(1):1-22; doi:10.1093/biomet/89.1.1
© 2002 by Biometrika Trust
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A class of logistic-type discriminant functions

Shinto Eguchi1 and John Copas2

1 Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minami-azabu, Tokyo 106-8569, Japan eguchi{at}ism.ac.jp 2 Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.Kjbc{at}stats.warwick.ac.uk

In two-group discriminant analysis, the Neyman–Pearson Lemma establishes that the ROC, receiver operating characteristic, curve for an arbitrary linear function is everywhere below the ROC curve for the true likelihood ratio.The weighted area between these two curves can be used as a risk function for finding good discriminant functions. The weight function corresponds to the objective of the analysis, for example to minimise the expected cost of misclassification, or to maximise the area under the ROC. The resulting discriminant functions can be estimated by iteratively reweighted logistic regression. We investigate some asymptotic properties in the ‘near-logistic’ setting, where we assume the covariates have been chosen such that a linear function gives a reasonable, but not necessarily exact, approximation to the true log likelihood ratio. Some examples are discussed, including a study of medical diagnosis in breast cytology.

Key Words: Discriminant analysis; Logistic regression; Neyman–Pearson lemma; ROC curve

Received September 2000. Revised May 2001


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