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Biometrika 2001 88(4):1121-1134; doi:10.1093/biomet/88.4.1121
© 2001 by Biometrika Trust
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Within-cluster resampling

Elaine B.Hoffman1, Pranab K.Sen2 and Clarice R.Weinberg3

1 7 Janson Court, Westport, Connecticut 06880, U.S.Ameahoffman{at}aol.com 2 Department of Biostatistics, CB #7400, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400, U.S.A.pksen{at}bios.unc.edu 3 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD A3-03, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, U.S.A. weinberg{at}niehs.nih.gov

Within-cluster resampling is proposed as a new method for analysing clustered data.Although the focus of this paper is clustered binary data, the within-cluster resampling asymptotic theory is general for many types of clustered data. Within-cluster resampling is a simple but computationally intensive estimation method. Its main advantage over other marginal analysis methods, such as generalised estimating equations (Liang & Zeger, 1986; Zeger & Liang, 1986) is that it remains valid when the risk for the outcome of interest is related to the cluster size, which we term nonignorable cluster size. We present theory for the asymptotic normality and provide a consistent variance estimator for the within-cluster resampling estimator. Simulations and an example are developed that assess the finite-sample behaviour of the new method and show that when both methods are valid its performance is similar to that of generalised estimating equations.

Key Words: Clustered binary data; Generalised estimating equations; Generalised linear model; Marginal model; Nonignorable cluster size; Resampling; Within-cluster correlation


Received May 1999. Revised May 2001


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