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Biometrika 1999 86(1):221-226; doi:10.1093/biomet/86.1.221
© 1999 by Biometrika Trust
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Miscellanea. Comparison of case-control to full cohort analyses under model misspecification

AH XiangZ and B LangholzZZ

Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, 1540 Alcazar Street, CHP-218, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9987, USA Z xiang@hsc.usc.edu ZZ langholz@hsc.usc.edu

We investigate the question of whether or not estimates of relative risk from matched case-control studies well represent the population from which they were drawn. We derive the formula for the asymptotic maximum partial likelihood estimators from nested case-control studies when the Cox proportional hazards model is misspecified and compare these to the corresponding full cohort values under various types of model misspecification, such as covariate omission, mismodelling available measurements and covariates measured with error. We found that lack of covariate information, as in covariate omission and measurement error, cannot per se result in differences in case-control and cohort estimates. Differences can only occur when the covariates used in the presumed model are mismodelled and we find that the magnitude of the misspecification must be unreasonably large in order to produce differences of practical importance.

Keywords:Case-control study; Cohort study; Cox model; Design of medical study; Epidemiology; Model misspecification.


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