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Biometrika 1995 82(2):299-314; doi:10.1093/biomet/82.2.299
© 1995 by Biometrika Trust
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A mean score method for missing and auxiliary covariate data in regression models

MARIE REILLY and MARGARET SULLIVAN PEPE

Department of Statistics, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 1124 Columbia Street, Seattle, Washington 98104, U.S.A.

We consider regression analysis when incomplete or auxiliary covariate data are available for all study subjects and, in addition, for a subset called the validation sample, true covariate data of interest have been ascertained. The term auxiliary data refers to data not in the regression model, but thought to be informative about the true missing covariate data of interest. We discuss a method which is nonparametric with respect to the association between available and missing data, allows missingness to depend on available response and covariate values, and is applicable to both cohort and case-control study designs. The method previously proposed by Flanders & Greenland (1991) and by Zhao & Lipsitz (1992) is generalised and asymptotic theory is derived. Our expression for the asymptotic variance of the estimator provides intuition regarding performance of the method. Optimal sampling strategies for the validation set are also suggested by the asymptotic results.

Key Words: Double sampling • EM algorithm • Hot-deck • Semiparametric • Surrogate data • Two-stage sampling


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