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Biometrika 1987 74(3):609-614; doi:10.1093/biomet/74.3.609
© 1987 by Biometrika Trust
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Rerandomizing the median in matched-pairs designs

WILLIAM J. WELCH

Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1

When a rerandomization or permutation test is applied to a matched-pairs design, the observed mean difference is typically compared with the null distribution of means that would have occurred under all possible randomizations. It is shown that rerandomizing the median instead of the mean transforms a formidable computational problem into one amenable to a hand calculator. Moreover, the robustness derived from rerandomizing the median rather than the mean is illustrated with an example where outliers were anticipated. Computational methods for constructing confidence intervals are also presented, and extensions to trimmed means are discussed.

Key Words: Matched-pairs design • Median • Permutation test • Randomization • Rerandomization test


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