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Biometrika 1979 66(1):41-48; doi:10.1093/biomet/66.1.41
© 1979 by Biometrika Trust
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Vector correlation

M. A. STEPHENS

Mathematics Department, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia

This paper discusses the measurement of correlation between two sets of vectors. The vectors may be thought of as denoting directions in p dimensions. Two main measures of correlation are proposed, based on the premise that the two sets would be perfectly correlated if an orthogonal transformation, or less generally a rotation transformation, makes the second set coincide with the first. Natural extensions exist to cover correlation without rotation, or serial correlation. For testing for correlation, distributional results are given for p = 2 and 3, and especially for uniform parent populations.

Key Words: Correlation between directions • Correlation between vectors • Correlation on the circle • Correlation on the sphere


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