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Biometrika 1976 63(3):581-592; doi:10.1093/biomet/63.3.581
© 1976 by Biometrika Trust
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Inference and missing data

DONALD B. RUBIN

Educational Testing Service Princeton, New Jersey

When making sampling distribution inferences about the parameter of the data, {theta}, it is appropriate to ignore the process that causes missing data if the missing data are ‘missing at random’ and the observed data are ‘observed at random’, but these inferences are generally conditional on the observed pattern of missing data. When making direct-likelihood or Bayesian inferences about {theta}, it is appropriate to ignore the process that causes missing data if the missing data are missing at random and the parameter of the missing data process is ‘distinct’ from {theta}. These conditions are the weakest general conditions under which ignoring the process that causes missing data always leads to correct inferences.

Key Words: Bayesian inference • Incomplete data • Likelihood inference • Missing at random • Missing data • Missing values • Observed at random • Sampling distribution inference


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Estimating causal effects from multiple cycle data in studies of in vitro fertilization
Statistical Methods in Medical Research, April 1, 2006; 15(2): 195 - 209.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Am J Health Syst PharmHome page
S. R. Smith, D. J. Catellier, E. A. Conlisk, and G. A. Upchurch
Effect on health outcomes of a community-based medication therapy management program for seniors with limited incomes
Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., February 15, 2006; 63(4): 372 - 379.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Educational and Psychological MeasurementHome page
J. M. te Marvelde, C. A. W. Glas, G. Van Landeghem, and J. Van Damme
Application of Multidimensional Item Response Theory Models to Longitudinal Data
Educational and Psychological Measurement, February 1, 2006; 66(1): 5 - 34.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION AND POLICY ANALYSISHome page
G. D. Borman and N. M. Dowling
Longitudinal Achievement Effects of Multiyear Summer School: Evidence From the Teach Baltimore Randomized Field Trial
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, January 1, 2006; 28(1): 25 - 48.
[Abstract] [PDF]



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