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Biometrika 1973 60(3):467-476; doi:10.1093/biomet/60.3.467
© 1973 by Biometrika Trust
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Randomization models for the matched and unmatched 2 × 2 tables

J. B. COPAS

University of Essex

Randomization models for 2 × 2 tables in the matched and unmatched cases are proposed and, in terms of these models, the usual large sample statistical tests are shown to be conservative. The likelihood surface for the unmatched case is discussed. In the matched case, the model takes more explicit account of the effect of the matching criteria used in the trial than do the more familiar probability models. A simple analogue in the case of continuous measurements is indicated.

Key Words: Two-by-two contingency table • Randomization models • Clinical trials • Permutation tests


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